Fluid-pressure-operated drill.



Patented Nov. 3, 1908.`

2 SHBETS-SHEET 1.

A. F. RUSS.

FLUID PRESSURE OPERATED DRILL.

APPLIOATION FILED JAK.19.1903.

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FLUID A. I'. ROSS.

PRESSURE OPEBATBD DBILL.

LPPLIOATIOI FILED JAI. 19, 1903.

l/12655 as Patented Nov.3, 1908.

I SHEETS-SHEET B.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANDREW F. ROSS, OF LONGIS'LAND, NEW YORK, SSIGNOR., BY MESNlEASSIGNMENTS, T() THE PITTSBURG PANEUMATIO COMPANY, OF CANTON, OHIO, ACORPORATION Ol" NEW JERSEY.

FLUID-PRESSURE-OPERATED DRILL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 3, 1908.

Application filed January 19, 1903. Serial No. 189,682.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Bc it known that I, ANDREW F. Ross, u citizen of the VUnited States,residing at Lon Island, county of Queens, State of New Yor have inventeda certain new and useful Improvement in Fluid Pressure Operated Drills,and declare the following to be e. full, clear, and exact description ofthe sume, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itpertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates in ressure operated tools, an arly to pneumaticdrills.

I well known that in order to obtain the beat results in drilling thetool should be partially rotated between the deliver? of the blowsthereon so that the position o the cuttin edge with respect to thematerial werke upon may be so varied es to secure the eveny and rapidadvancement of the work.

The primary object of my invention is to provide a fluid pressureoperated drill in which a rotary motion is imparted to the tool betweenthe delivery of blows thereon.

eneral to fluid more part1cu- A furthen object of my invention is torovide a fluid pressure o er-ated drill in w ich the position of the toorelative to the material worked upon is automatically varied during theoperation of delivering blows thereon. y

A still further object of my invention is to provide a fluidl pressureoperated drill which will be comparatively simple in con struction,inexpensive in manufacture, and efficient in o ration.

My invention, generally described, consists in a cylinder, a pistonreciprocated therein, a tool rotatnblynnounted in the end of thecylinder and adapted to receive the impact of thc piston during itsreciprocations, the shank of the tool being in non-rotative engagementwith the iston, and means forrotatm the piston uring ite reciprocntionsund t ereby varyin the position of the cutting edge of the too withrespect to the materlal being worked upon.

My invention* will be more fully described hereinafter with reference tothe accompanying drawings in which the same is illustrated as embodiedin a convenient and practical form, and in which#- Figure 1 is alongitudinal central section;

F ig. 2 a cross section ou line 2-2, Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a cross section ouline 3-3, Fig. l; Fig. 4 a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the parts inan adjusted position; Fig. 5 a View on line 5--5, Fig. 4; and Fig. 6 aview on line 6-6, Fig. 4.

Similar reference characters are used to desi ate similar parts in theseveral figures of t e drawings.

My invention is designed to be applied to any desired type of iluidress'ure operated drill but for convenience llhave shown the same asapplied to u drill of the valveless type which muy he generallydescribed as follows: A indicates the vhand e of the tool which isrovided with aV circular denote A into whic extends the end of thecylinder C. A. c linder head C is inserted through the hun le into theend of the cylinder where it is secured hy u screw threaded engage-Vment. The handle is securely retained upon the cylinder by means of acircular flange a which rejects between the'end of the cylin d) lthecircular flange on the outer end throttle valve B is located within thecasing B2 and iss-normally retained in position to cover the ports bthrough the valve casing by meansofa eoil vspring B. The valve casing isretained in engagement with a circular shoulder o2 in the handle bymenus of its screw threaded connection with the chamber A. i

A indicates a screw threaded Yopening leading to the vulve casing withwhich is connected a conduit for the supply of fluid Y pressure.

A' indicates a lever pivoted in the handle and adapted to en a e e.plunger rod' B, the lower end of w ic unsents the throttle valve whenthe lever A4 is .oscillated indicates s. piston located within thecylinder. The end of the piston adjacent to the handle of the tool isenlarged in diameter, thereby formn a shoulder d. The vchamber C in thecy luder within which the end of the piston reciprocates' is of eninterior diameter conforming to the exterior movable in `type sucdiameter of the enlarged ena of the piston.

A second chamber 12 1s formed in the cylinl der which is separated fromthe chamber C by an annular partition C3. The interior diameter of theannular partition conforms to the exterior diameter of the reducedportion of the piston. An exhaust port c2 leads from the chamber (J2.The piston is hollow and is provided with a series of passages d.

K indicates a tool the shank ofwhich extends through the bushing Hlocated in the end C3 of the cylinder. The shank of the tool projectsinto the chamber C2 so as to receive thc impact of the piston when it isdriven towards the front end of the cylinder.

The tool shank is provided with a flange fr around the same which isadapted to rest against the bushing H so that the pressure by which thetool is applied to its work retains the bushing against said flange andthereby holds the tool longitudinally iinposition to receive the impactof the piston.

The o eration of a tool of the valveless li as above described is well,`known and may be briefly described as follows: When the handle A* isoscillated the throttle valve is unseated and fluid pressure passesthrough the ports b into the passage a, thence throuoh the passage c inthe cylinder to the chamber C, The fluid pressure is exerted upon theshoulder d on the piston which forces the same from the position shownin Fig. l to that shown in Fig. 4 inasmuch as the enlarged end of thepiston is exposed to atmospheric pressure' thlff'iugh the hollowinterior and the ports d cmmunicating therewith which register with theexhaust chamber C?. The piston is con` `sequently forced towards thehandle of the tool until the ports d pass beyond the annular partitionC3 at which time Huid pressure is admitted `to the chamber C1I andexerted upon the enlarged end of the piston, thereby driving the latterfrom the osition shown in Fig. 4 to that shown in Flig. 1.

The reciprocation of 'the iston delivers a succession of blows upon t eshank of the tool, thereby performlng the desired work u fpon thematerial c ge of the tool is forced.

n order that the tool may be rotated during the delivery of blowsthereon by the piston I have provided the end of the piston with asocket into which extends the shank K of the tool, and have providedmeans for rotating the piston during its reciprocations. The crosssections of the socket in the piston and the shank of the tool areangular and conform to each other, thereby non-rotatably connecting thetool and piston so as to transmit the rotary movement of the piston tothe tool.

The means which I have disclosed for roagainst which the cutting tatingthe piston consists in locating a disk l in the open large end of thepiston and providing such disk with a longitudinal opening therethroughinto which extends one or more spiral ribs e. A ratchet wheel F islocated at the end of the chamber CL adjacent to the cylinder head C andis retained in a transverse plane with respect to the cylinder by meansof a stud f which engages a socket formed in the inner end of the cylinder head. A shoulder c* is also formed in the chamber (3* to retainthe ratchet wheel in engagement lwith the end of the cylinder head. Apost F' projects longitudinally from the inner face of the ratchet:wheel F and is provided with spiral grooves f in its periphery whichconform to thc spiral ribs c formed in the disk E. A pawl F2 is locatedin a casing f2 which communicates with the interior of the chamber C'1ladjacent to the cylinder head. A spring f3 normally forces the pawl F2into engagement with the teeth on the ratchet wheel F.

A; second ratchet wheel G is located in the end of the cylinder betweenthe inner end of the bushing H and the partition C in the cylinder. Theratchet wheel G is provided with an annulsir opening through the centerconforming to the cross section of the shank of the` tool which extendsthrough the ratchet wheel into the socket in the end of the pistou. Apawl G' is provided for env gaging the teeth on the ratchet wheel (l.This pawl may be of any desired form, for convenience it bein shown assu )ported upon a leaf spring g secured at its tree end upon theexterior of the cylinder.

It will be noticed that the teeth on the two ratchet wheels F and Grextend in the same direction, l nce when fluid pressure is admittedthrough the interior of the piston when the -latter is in the positionshown in Fig. 4 and is exerted upon the end of the piston within thechamber C4, the piston `is rotated through the engagement of the spiralribs in the disk with the spiral grooves on the post xedto the ratchetwheel F. The pawl F2 prevents the ratchet wheel from rotating in adirection towards which it would have a tendency to move by ibo reasonof Vthe spiral connection between the same and the piston. `Inasmuch asthe ratchet wheel F cannot rotate, the piston is rotated t permitted byreason of the direction of the inclination of the ratchet wheel G. lt,is consequently evident that during the movement of the piston towardsthe tool a rotary motion is imparted to the latter fromthe piston,thereby insuring the variation of the position of the cutting edge ofthe tool with respect to the naterial .worked upon each time a blow is'elivered upon the tool by the piston. The movement of the iston awayfrom the tool rotates the ratchet im such rotation of the piston beingprevented which re- F, the rotation of the lpiston being by reason ofthe ratc et wheel t ie iston from rotating in the direction towar swhich there is a tendency for the' piston to rotate'owing to tlte spiralconnection between the piston and the ratchet wheel F. l e

It is obvious that by reversing the direction of the inclination of theteeth on the ratchet/Wheels the piston would be held fromV rotationduring its forward stroke,

while the ratchet` wheel F ivoiild be instead of during the forwardstrolne of the" piston. f A i Froni t i orcoong description it will beobserved t iat I ave invented an improved fluid pressure operated drilli'n which the position of the tool with res ect to the mate rial workedupon is varied uring the o eration of the tool, thereby securing a rapiand even advancement of the work. It will be further observed that byproviding means for rotating the piston and non-rotatably connect ingthe tool to the piston, the recipro cation of the piston automaticallyimparts a rotary movement to the tool at the same time that it isdelivering its impact thereu on.

While I have described more or less precisely the details ofconstruction Ido not wish to be understood as limiting m selfA thereto,as I contemplate changes in orm', the proportion of parts, and thesubstitution of equivalents, as circumstances may s gest or render exedient, without departing rom the spirit o my invention.

Havin now fully described my invention what I c aim as new, and desireto secure ,by Letters Patent is as follows:

1. In a fini pressure operated drill, the combination wit a cylinder, ofa piston recwrocating therein, a tool rotatably supporte by the c7linder in position to receive the impact of t e piston, non-rotativedirect connections between said pieton and the shank of the tool, andmeans for imparting rotary {notion to the piston during itsreciprocaions.

2. In a fluid pressure `operated -drill, the

i pins the shank of the tool and conscqiientty,`

combination with a cylinder, of a reciprocatin piston therein, a toolrotatably supported by the cylinder in position to receive the im act ofthe piston, said iston having a sociliet into which extends the shank ofthe toch/the cross section of the shank of the tool and said socketbeing such as to permit a relative .longitudinal movement but prevent arelative rotary motion between the tool and i iston, and means forrotating said piston urine' its reci rocations.

3. n a flui ressure operated drill, the combination wit la cylinder, ofa reciprocating piston therein, a tool rotatably siipported by thecylinder in position to receive the im act of the piston. said pistonhaving a ocliet into which ,exteds t e shank of the tool, hecrosssectioneof the shank of the tool ndsaid socket being such as topermit .a relative longitudinal movement but prevent a relative rotarymotion between the tool 'and piston, a ratchet wheel rotatably ountedtransversely within the back end of 'ille cylinder, a post fixed to saidratchet wheel an extending into an opening in said piston, said post andopening having engaged spiral ribs and grooves whereby the reciprocationof the piston produces a relative rotary movement between the same andsaid ratchet wheel. c

4. In a fluid 'ressure operated drill, the combination witla cylinder,of a reciprocating piston therein, a tool rotatably sup orted by t ecylinder in position to receive t .e imliu pact of the ,iston, saidpiston having a socket into w ich extends the shank of the tool, thecross section of the shank of the tool and said socket being such as topermit a relative longitudinal movement but prevent a relative rotarymotion between the tool and piston, a ratchet wheel rotatably mountedtransversely Within the back end of the cylinder, a post fixed to saidratchet wheel and extending into an opening in s 'd piston, said postand o ening having e gaged spiral Fribs and g oves whereby thereciprocatioh of the piston produces a relative rotary movement betweenthe same and said ratchet wheel, a second ratchet wheel surroundin andnon rotatabl mounted upon the s ank of the tool, an pawls engaging theteeth on said ratchet wheels.

In testimony whereof, I sign this specification in the presence of twowitnesses.

ANDREW F. ROSS.

